The Camp Fire Girls in the Maine Woods; Or, The Winnebagos Go Camping
(1916). Seven Cleveland teens tent by fictional “Loon Lake” in rural Maine and
learn the principles of Camp Fire, including work, health, and love: “wohelo.”
Set in summer 1914.
The Camp Fire Girls at School: Or, The Wohelo Weavers (1916). The girls put their
principles into practice at home in Cleveland, including fictional “Washington
High School,” based on real-life West High. Set in school year 1914-1915.
The Camp Fire Girls at Onoway House: Or, The Magic Garden (1916). There
is only one way (“onoway”) for the oldest Winnebago to earn money for
college: the girls grow fruits and vegetables on a farm outside Cleveland.
Set in summer 1915.
The Camp Fire Girls Go Motoring: Or, Along the Road That Leads the Way (1916).
On a pre-school break the girls make an auto tour from Cleveland to Chicago
and back via Toledo, Cincinnati, and Dayton, among other towns. Set in
September 1915.
The Camp Fire Girls Larks and Pranks: Or, The House of the Open Door (1917).
The younger Winnebagos enjoy their senior year at “Washington High,” but
their teacher/Camp Fire leader, Nyoda, leaves for marriage. Set in school year
1915-1916.
The Camp Fire Girls on Ellen’s Isle: Or, The Trail of the Seven Cedars (1917).
Unexpectedly together in Cleveland during a heat wave, the girls and their boy
friends (and chaperones) grab a chance to vacation on an island in Lake Huron.
Set in summer 1916.
The Camp Fire Girls on the Open Road: Or, Glorify Work (1918). Separated at
work or school, the Winnebagos have adventures in wartime Cleveland,
including a major patriotic parade; in rural Arkansas; and at fictional “Brownell
College.” Set in school year 1916-1917, conflated with war events of 1917-1918.
The Camp Fire Girls Do Their Bit: Or, Over the Top with the Winnebagos (1919).
Visiting married Nyoda for the summer, the girls pursue wartime activities and
intrigue in fictional “Oakwood,” in eastern Pennsylvania. Set in 1917, conflated
with war events of 1918.
The Camp Fire Girls Solve a Mystery: Or, The Christmas Adventure at Carver House
(1919). At war’s end, the Winnebagos reunite for the winter holidays at Nyoda’s
home in “Oakwood.” Set in December 1917, conflated with war events of 1918.
The Camp Fire Girls at Camp Keewaydin: Or, Down Paddles (1920). The girls
attend a large camp in “Shanandawah country,” where the newest Winnebago, a
future social worker, must weigh fame against personal integrity. Set in summer
1918, conflated with postwar summer 1919.
Hildegarde Gertrude Frey’s Camp Fire Girls novels, published by A. L. Burt
Company, New York, 1916-1920. (Books were published under “Hildegard G. Frey.”)